Thursday, December 3, 2009

Eichmann and Kant

First off I should probably say that I don't want to frighten anyone off with the topic of Eichmann. I don't want this to be an off topic post which of course is something that I find is easy to do when thinking about Eichmann and the Nazis. I think that it with all the talk about Kant that it would be a good idea to try and explain why Eichmann misunderstands Kant. At the outset Kant should be absolved of any suggest that he might have in any way agreed with Eichmann. In actuality Kant would have been appalled to hear Eichmann claim to be motivated by his writings. Kant’s categorical imperative was twisted by Eichmann. The categorical imperative states that a person should act in such a way that the maxim of their actions could become a universal law. Eichmann stated that his understanding of the categorical imperative was that a person should act in such a way that the fuehrer knew of their actions that he would approve of them. This is a complete misunderstanding of Kant; the whole point of Kant’s categorical imperative is that people need to think for themselves. The basic idea of the categorical imperative is that we each need to decide if our actions could become a universal law. Obviously we can’t justify killing others because we ourselves would not wish to be killed. Eichmann instead of making this determination himself instead shifted all responsibility onto the Fuehrer Hitler. Instead of deciding for himself he instead has explicitly abrogated his ability to do that. This is ridiculous because the whole point of the categorical imperative is for people to think beyond their own personal wants and desires and think about the larger ramifications of their actions and the precedents that they are setting. When a person substitutes the wants and desires of another human for their own conscience they aren’t making any philosophical progress, they are instead just attempting to pin the effects of their own wants and desires onto someone else. I’m not sure if I’m making much sense with this but essentially the substitution of Hitler’s prerogatives for Eichmann’s, is not in any sense of the term a use of the categorical imperative. It’s just a substitution of one faulty judgment for another as opposed to any sort of real consideration of morals and ethics. The categorical imperative as Kant outlines it is supposed to make a person self reflective and thoughtful. The categorical imperative as Eichmann misunderstands merely denies the need for any thought and reflection at all. I realize that this is not a controversial post but I just felt that it was important to address specifically why Eichmann was flawed in his claim to have been following Kant's teachings.

7 comments:

  1. From the way Eichmann changed the categorical imperative, it shows just how warped of a world he lived in. It seems to me that Eichmann and the other Nazis were making Hitler into some sort of god. Their categorical imperative places him above everyone else as the judger of their actions, determining what is right. The men didn't even need a written statement from Hitler, as long as he said it they followed it. Putting all of the obviously terrible and frightening crimes of the Nazis aside, its pretty frightening in itself that they placed so much value in Hitlers approval and word.

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  2. Point of order: It is important to remember that the people did not necessarily worship Hitler--particularly those who knew and worked for him. As we saw in Machiavelli, fear is as if not more useful than love...

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  3. I was thinking more along the lines of what Harwood brought up. Hitler ruled through fear. He punished those who openly opposed or critiqued him so people had no choice but to follow. Even if they did not agree necessarily it was a matter of life and death. Obviously I am not defending Eichmann, but understood the categorical imperative in that way because he knew the consequences of opposing Hitler. It is easier to follow him blindly (since he did not really see the consequences to his actions) than to speak up. In other words Eichmann is a slave in a sense (as Foucault would argue) since he is not performing parrhesia.

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  4. Just because Hitler was more feared than loved doesn't mean he wasn't worshiped. People can worship something they fear. I know some Christians use the term 'God-fearing' as a compliment.
    Also, Nick brought up the question of how it is that Eichmann misunderstood Kant. I think this happened because Eichmann really didn't know how to read and understand texts. He may have been a good accountant, but he obviously didn't read that much. Eichmann also said that he had read Theodor Herzl's text about the need for a Jewish homeland, but didn't even get the right location for the proposed Jewish state.

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  5. I was never saying he wasn't worshiped, I am simply saying fear is what powered his reign. He obviously had followers but he also had many who opposed him and were silenced by his cruelty (since he punished those who spoke up or criticized him). Otherwise there would have been far more people speaking up because there friends were being persecuted.

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  6. I think what we're leaving out, something we've talked about in class a lot, is that this shows just how dedicated Eichmann was to his title and job. I don't know if it was a cause or an effect but his interpretation on Kant flows very well with his promotion oriented goals, while of course completely missing Kant's logic.

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  7. but if we are merely to say that Eichmann acted out of fear we are missing the point entirely. It was definetly a crime to openly oppose Hitler in Nazi Germany but there was no law which required Eichmann to stay at his post. He could have easily transferred to a different department or resigned had he wanted to. I definetley agree with Spencer that it was Eichmanns desire to be thought of as having succeeded at his job that drove him.

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